Testosterone
The primary androgen behind muscle, drive, mood, and energy in both sexes — and a marker that declines quietly with age.
Track This Free → ← All BiomarkersWhat Is Testosterone?
Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone, produced mainly in the testes in men and in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands in women, and it governs muscle mass, bone density, libido, mood, and energy in both sexes.
Blood tests report total testosterone (all of it) and free testosterone (the small fraction not bound to proteins and therefore biologically active). Levels peak in early adulthood and decline gradually — roughly 1% per year in men after age 30 — which is why symptoms of low testosterone often appear slowly and get mistaken for normal aging. In women, testosterone is present at far lower concentrations but still matters for libido, muscle, and wellbeing.
Testosterone Normal Range and Reference Values
| Category | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Men 19–49 (total) | 264–916 ng/dL | 9.2–31.8 nmol/L |
| Men 50+ (total) | Trends lower with age | (interpret with symptoms) |
| Women, adult (total) | 15–70 ng/dL | 0.5–2.4 nmol/L |
| Free testosterone, men | 5–21 ng/dL | (assay-dependent) |
What Causes Testosterone to Change
The most common drivers behind a change in Testosterone are:
- Age — a natural gradual decline in men after about 30
- Poor or short sleep, which sharply lowers next-day testosterone
- Chronic stress and elevated cortisol, which suppress production
- Obesity and insulin resistance
- Overtraining without adequate recovery
- Certain medications, opioids, and some chronic illnesses
How Hunuu Tracks Testosterone
Testosterone enters Hunuu through the BODY pillar's Add Lab Result form and displays as a biomarker tile. Because it is so tightly coupled to sleep, recovery, and stress, Hunuu cross-references your testosterone reading with sleep architecture, HRV, and — where available — four-point cortisol, so a low value is interpreted in the context of the lifestyle signals that most often drive it rather than in isolation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a normal testosterone level for men?
For adult men aged roughly 19–49, a common reference range for total testosterone is about 264–916 ng/dL. Ranges vary by lab and assay, and levels trend lower with age, so results are best interpreted alongside symptoms.
What is a normal testosterone level for women?
In adult women, total testosterone typically falls between about 15 and 70 ng/dL — far lower than in men, but still important for libido, muscle, and mood.
What is the difference between total and free testosterone?
Total testosterone measures all the testosterone in your blood. Free testosterone is the small unbound fraction that is biologically active. Symptoms of low T can occur even with normal total levels if free testosterone is low.
Can sleep affect testosterone?
Yes, strongly. Most daily testosterone is produced during sleep. Studies show that restricting sleep to five hours a night for a week can lower young men's daytime testosterone by 10–15%.
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